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The military regime in Burma, headed by Senior General Than Shwe, is waging a campaign of terror against its civilians in violation of international law. The regime continues to deploy torture, sexual violence, forced labor, murder and imprisonment as tools to rule over the country. These crimes have been well documented by the United Nations and various international organizations and pose a threat to international peace and security.

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The 2007 Burmese anti-government protests were a series of anti-government protests that started in Burma on August 15, 2007. The immediate cause of the protests was mainly the unannounced decision of the ruling junta, the State Peace and Development Council, to remove fuel subsidies which caused the price of diesel and petrol to suddenly rise as much as 100%, and the price of compressed natural gas for buses to increase fivefold in less than a week. The protest demonstrations were at first dealt with quickly and harshly by the junta, with dozens of protesters arrested and detained. Starting September 18, the protests had been led by thousands of Buddhist monks.